IUDs are T-shaped devices installed within the uterus to avert unwanted pregnancy, offering long-term protection with minimal maintenance. They are one of the most trustworthy forms of birth control methods, boasting a 99.99% effectiveness rate.
According to Yale Medicine, IUDs are the 3rd most prevalent birth control method used by women in the US. However, despite their high success rate and popularity, IUDs are not without potential health risks.
In this article, we will investigate some of the health issues linked to IUDs, helping you make an informed decision about this contraceptive option.
Pain and Discomfort
Pain and distress are familiar side effects experienced by many women after IUD insertion. Cramping and lower abdominal pain can last for a few hours to several days, with some women reporting more intense discomfort.
According to The Washington Post, around 80% of women who have never given birth experience some level of pain during insertion. The severity varies widely. While the pain may seem daunting, many consider it worth enduring compared to unintended pregnancies and the potential emotional and physical toll of abortion.
According to the CDC, Lidocaine has been recommended for reducing pain during IUD placement. It has also been recommended that the patient must be counseled before IUD placement and make them understand that it is temporary.
Device Fracture, Breakage, and Migration
Device fracture, breakage, and migration are potential complications associated with IUDs. “Fracture” refers to the IUD breaking into pieces inside the uterus, while “breakage” often happens during removal, causing pain and requiring surgical intervention. “Migration” occurs when the IUD moves from its original position, which can lead to uterine perforation or other internal damage.
The Paragard IUD, a non-hormonal contraceptive, has been associated with severe complications, particularly device breakage during removal, according to TorHoerman Law. The manufacturer has faced scrutiny due to reports of these issues, resulting in lawsuits from affected users.
Those filing lawsuits are seeking compensation for injuries caused by the device, including coverage for medical expenditures and damages for pain and grief. If you’ve suffered from such complications due to Paragard IUDs, consulting a Paragard lawyer can help you explore your legal options for compensation.
Irregular Bleeding Patterns
Irregular bleeding patterns are a common side effect of IUD use, especially during the first few months after insertion. Hormonal IUDs can cause lighter periods or spotting, while non-hormonal options, like the copper IUD, often lead to heavier periods. Copper IUDs can irritate the uterine lining, causing increased bleeding or cramping.
Hormonal fluxes as the body modifies according to the IUD can also contribute to unpredictable bleeding. Although these changes are usually temporary, persistent heavy bleeding may indicate an issue requiring medical attention. Understanding how IUDs affect menstrual cycles is important for women considering this birth control method.
Risk of Infections
IUDs can increase the risk of infections, particularly within the first few days after placement. According to the Cleveland Clinic, bacteria can enter your body during the IUD insertion and may cause infection. You might see the symptoms of infection within the first 20 days of placement. The most common concern is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an ailment of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries.
PID can lead to severe complications like regular pelvic pain, infertility, or ectopic pregnancy if left untreated. While the risk is relatively low—about 1% for most women—it can be higher for those with a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the infection from progressing.
Uterine Perforation
Uterine perforation occurs when the wall of the uterus is punctured, a serious complication that can happen during IUD insertion. While rare, affecting less than 1 in 1,000 women, it can cause significant damage, leading to internal bleeding, infection, or injury to nearby organs. IUDs are one of the primary causes of uterine perforation, particularly if inserted improperly or if the uterus is tilted.
According to the National Library of Medicine, IUD placement can cause uterine perforation if it is done within 36 weeks after delivery. The risk of uterine perforation increases if an IUD is installed near the time of breastfeeding. However, IUDs are not the only cause of uterine perforation.
Other causes include surgical procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C), cesarean sections, or aggressive use of medical instruments during childbirth. Uterine perforation requires immediate medical attention, and in severe issues, surgery may be critical to repair the damage.
Hormonal Side Effects (for Hormonal IUDs)
Hormonal IUDs, like Mirena or Skyla, release progestin to prevent pregnancy, which can cause various side effects. Some women experience hormonal changes leading to mood swings, acne, weight gain, or breast tenderness. These side effects usually diminish within a few months as the body alters according to the IUD.
However, in some cases, persistent side effects may warrant removal of the device. Additionally, hormonal IUDs may cause lighter or irregular periods and, in rare cases, completely stop menstruation. It’s important to observe any symptoms and contact a healthcare provider if side effects become annoying.
Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if I experience severe pain after getting an IUD?
If you experience severe pain after getting an IUD, contact your doctor immediately. It may indicate complications like device displacement, infection, or uterine perforation. Prompt medical engagement is crucial to manage any serious issues and prevent further complications.
What should you do if an IUD is suspected to be fractured or misplaced?
If you suspect your IUD is fractured or misplaced, seek medical attention immediately. Your doctor may perform an ultrasound or X-ray to confirm the issue and, if necessary, remove or reposition the device to prevent further complications.
How can infections from IUDs impact long-term reproductive health?
Infections from IUDs, particularly pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can have serious long-term effects on reproductive health. Untreated infections may lead to scarring of the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and regular pelvic pain. Immediate treatment is critical to prevent these complications.
Weighing the Risks and Benefits of IUDs
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) offer a highly compelling and suitable form of birth control, but they come with potential risks. These can be pain, irregular bleeding, infections, and rare difficulties like uterine perforation.
Understanding these risks and how they might impact your long-term reproductive health is crucial in making an informed decision about using an IUD. Consulting with your healthcare provider can help you weigh the benefits against the potential drawbacks and choose the best contraceptive method for your needs.
